All about Menopause: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Menopause is the period of a woman's life marked by the cessation of ovulation and the disappearance of menstruation. A perimenopause phase precedes it. Hot flashes, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances are among the many symptoms that appear at menopause.

WHAT IS MENOPAUSE?

The menopause is the period of a woman's life where rules (menstruation) stop permanently. It generally occurs between 45 and 55 years of age and generally around 50 years of age.

Menopause is a natural phenomenon. It occurs when the ovary stops their hormonal secretion (estrogens and progesterone) and the formation of an ovum each month. It is said that menopause is really "confirmed" when the rules have been absent for a year.

There are two types of potential problems associated with menopause:

·         The symptoms it causes include (hot flashes, insomnia, fatigue, irritability ...),

·         And the increased risk of certain diseases (osteoporosis , cardiovascular diseases ).

Menopause Causes: How to explain the occurrence of menopause?

Menopause Causes include- At birth, each baby girl is born with a limited stock of ovarian follicles. During her period known as "genital activity" from puberty to menopause, each woman has menstrual cycles during which fertilization is possible.

 The menstrual cycle is made up of 2 phases separated by ovulation:

The follicular phase prepares for ovulation. During this phase, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), made by the pituitary gland, stimulates the ovarian follicles to produce a mature ovum. 

It also promotes the secretion by the follicles of estrogens which act on the thickening of the uterine mucous and the consistency of the cervical mucus.

·         Ovulation is caused by an increase in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH peak), under the action of estrogen, leading to the rupture of the follicle and the release of the mature egg.

·         The luteal phase is the period between ovulation and the onset of menstruation. After ovulation, the follicle transformed into a yellow body produces progesterone which helps strengthen the uterine mucous for implantation.

·         If the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum willatrophy and the rate of progesterone abruptly decrease in a context of low production of estrogens. As a result, the surface layer of the uterine mucous detaches and is eliminated. These are the rules that sign the start of the next cycle. 

Menopause Symptoms-

Menopause Symptoms causes include-

The menopause is frequently accompanied by disturbances called climacteric (symptoms accompanying hormonal changes associated with the cessation of ovarian function) whose intensity varies in women. These symptoms are due to hormonal deficiency i.e. estrogen and progesterone. They are not systematic and some women are able to escape them completely.

These climacteric disorders are:

·         Of hot flashes or flushing (present in eight out of ten women). These manifestations are manifested by an abrupt sensation of warmth of the whole body, followed by redness, especially of the face and neck, sweating and chills.

Brief, hot flashes rarely last more than a few minutes. They can be occasional or occur several times an hour.

They appear especially at night and disturb sleep. They also appear during the day: they are then favored by ambient heat, taking a meal, alcohol, exercise and emotion;

·         Of night sweats isolated without hot flushes;

·         Genital symptoms with vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), decreased libido (decreased sexual desire);

·         More frequent urinary tract irritation or infection ;

·         Of headaches ,  tiredness , Insomnia , irritability, anxiety.

Certain climacteric disorders such as hot flashes, sweating, fatigue can be transient, but sometimes persist during menopause. Others are long-lasting like vaginal dryness, urinary problems etc.

Menopause Treatment-

Menopause treatment include-

The diagnosis of menopause is based on the absence of menstruation for 12 months in a woman of around 50 years. No test is necessary in this case.

If in doubt, the doctor can use the “progesterone test”. This involves prescribing this hormone 10 days a month for three months in a row. If it is a menopause, the rules do not reappear.

Hormonal assays are most often unnecessary because taking into account age and clinical symptoms is sufficient.

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